{"language_default":"de","language_more":[],"ikmk_id":"437","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"R\u00f6mische Republik: P. 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Antonius erstmals als Kupferm\u00fcnze mit den Wertangaben HS und Delta (vier asses) gepr\u00e4gt. Seit der M\u00fcnzreform des Augustus 18 v. Chr. ein Bronzenominal im Wert von 4 Assen oder \u00bc Denar, gepr\u00e4gt wie der Dupondius in Messing ('Orichalcum'). Nach 260 n. Chr. wurde die Pr\u00e4gung eingestellt, selten sind Doppelsesterzen (das Kaiserbild der Vs. tr\u00e4gt hier zur Unterscheidung eine Strahlenkrone anstelle des meist \u00fcblichen Lorbeerkranzes) des Postumus und Traianus Decius, h\u00e4ufig auf \u00e4ltere (einfache) Sesterzen \u00fcberpr\u00e4gt.","info_en":"An Roman denomination with the value of 1\/4 denarius.","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/denomination\/1100"},"date_last":"2025-05-16 23:06:06","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"54","coin_status_name_de":"Stadt","coin_status_name_en":"City","coin_status_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/city","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/class_status\/54"}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"25","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/country\/25","country_name_de":"Italien","country_name_en":"Italy","country_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/italian_republic","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/3175395","ikmk_region_id":"263","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/263","region_name_de":"Italia","region_name_en":"Italia","region_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/greek_italy","region_geoname_id":"","ikmk_mint_id":"678","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/location\/678","mint_name":"Rom","mint_name_de":"Rom","mint_name_en":"Rome","mint_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/rome","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/3169070"}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"1","material_name_de":"Silber","material_name_en":"Silver","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ar","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/1"},"diameter":"","weight":"1.07 g","accession":"","access_year":"1817","access_type":{"ikmk_access_type_id":"2","access_type_name":"Stiftung","access_type_nomisma_id":"","access_type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4057542-1","ndp_uir":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/accession\/2"},"provenienz_extern":"","acquisition_date":"30.06.1817","avers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"","image_description":"Drapierte B\u00fcste des Merkur mit einem Merkurstab (caduceus) \u00fcber der r. Schulter.","foto_date":"2017-08-21","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"2","photographer_name":"Universit\u00e4tsbibliothek Freiberg","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/numid.ub.tu-freiberg.de\/image\/ID437\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/numid.ub.tu-freiberg.de\/image\/ID437\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/var\/www\/html\/numid.ub.tu-freiberg.de\/mk-edit\/images\/n0\/437\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/numid.ub.tu-freiberg.de\/image\/ID437\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/numid.ub.tu-freiberg.de\/image\/ID437\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1587205705,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Freiberg, Universit\u00e4tsbibliothek der Technischen Universit\u00e4t Bergakademie, ID437. Aufnahme durch Universit\u00e4tsbibliothek Freiberg.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Freiberg, Universit\u00e4tsbibliothek der Technischen Universit\u00e4t Bergakademie, ID437. Photographs by Universit\u00e4tsbibliothek Freiberg."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"","leg_text":"P SEPV - LLIVS","image_description":"Gefl\u00fcgelter Merkurstab (caduceus).","foto_date":"2017-08-21","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"2","photographer_name":"Universit\u00e4tsbibliothek Freiberg","photographer_gnd":"","photographer_viaf":""},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/numid.ub.tu-freiberg.de\/image\/ID437\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/numid.ub.tu-freiberg.de\/image\/ID437\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/var\/www\/html\/numid.ub.tu-freiberg.de\/mk-edit\/images\/n0\/437\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/numid.ub.tu-freiberg.de\/image\/ID437\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/numid.ub.tu-freiberg.de\/image\/ID437\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1587205795,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Freiberg, Universit\u00e4tsbibliothek der Technischen Universit\u00e4t Bergakademie, ID437. Aufnahme durch Universit\u00e4tsbibliothek Freiberg.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Freiberg, Universit\u00e4tsbibliothek der Technischen Universit\u00e4t Bergakademie, ID437. Photographs by Universit\u00e4tsbibliothek Freiberg."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"1","division_name_de":"Antike","division_name_en":"Antiquity"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"2","subdivision_name_de":"R\u00f6mische Republik","subdivision_name_en":"Roman Republic"},"literatur":"RRC Nr. 480,27; Sydenham Nr. 1080; Wernersche M\u00fcnzsammlung I S. 69 Nr. 227 (dieses Objekt).","comment":"","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"3","name_de":"Hellenismus","name_en":null,"description_de":"","description_en":null,"concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4024313-8","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/period\/3"},"year_start":"-44","year_end":"-44","date_verbal":"44 v. Chr.","year_islam":"0","references":[{"ikmk_referenz_id":20,"souce":"RRC","number":"480,27","similar":"0"}],"type_references":{"336":"http:\/\/numismatics.org\/crro\/id\/rrc-480.27"},"manufacturing":[{"ikmk_manufacturing_id":"21","manufacturing_name_de":"gepr\u00e4gt","manufacturing_name_en":"struck","nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/struck","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/manufacture\/21"}],"linked_persons_corporations":{"50":{"ikmk_type_id":"50","type_name_de":"Vorbesitzer","type_name_en":"previous Owner","type_nomisma_id":"","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4447273-0","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/50","items":{"7933":{"ikmk_person_id":"7933","title_de":"Bergrat","first_name_de":"Abraham Gottlob","last_name_de":"Werner","vitalDates":"25.09.1749 - 30.06.1817","title_en":null,"first_name_en":"Abraham Gottlob","last_name_en":"Werner","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/118767089":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/118767089","https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abraham_Gottlob_Werner":"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abraham_Gottlob_Werner","https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abraham_Gottlob_Werner":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Abraham_Gottlob_Werner","https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/17302991":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/17302991","https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q58751":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q58751","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/7933":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/7933"},"year_from":"0","year_until":"0"}}},"108":{"ikmk_type_id":"108","type_name_de":"M\u00fcnzmeister (MM Ant)","type_name_en":"Mintmaster (MM Ant)","type_nomisma_id":"","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4170686-9","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/108","items":{"1859":{"ikmk_person_id":"1859","title_de":null,"first_name_de":null,"last_name_de":"Publius Sepullius Macer","vitalDates":null,"title_en":null,"first_name_en":null,"last_name_en":"Publius Sepullius Macer","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1186417552":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1186417552","https:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/p_sepvllivs_macer_rrc":"https:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/p_sepvllivs_macer_rrc","https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/1186417552":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/1186417552","https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG177707":"https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG177707","https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q121076320":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q121076320","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/1859":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/1859"}}}}},"keywords":[{"ikmk_keyword_id":"1","keyword_de":"Antike","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4068754-5","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300055818"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"76","keyword_de":"Gegenst\u00e4nde","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4121320-8","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300311889"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"45","keyword_de":"G\u00f6tter","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4021469-2","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300343850"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"5","keyword_de":"Hellenismus, 4.-1. 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Chr.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4024313-8","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020101"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"22","keyword_de":"Italien","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4027833-5","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/tgn\/1000080"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"67","keyword_de":"M\u00fcnzmeister\/-beamte","keyword_gnd_uri":"","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300205361"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"69","keyword_de":"Silber","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4133759-1","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/www.nomisma.org\/id\/ar"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"38","keyword_de":"St\u00e4dte","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4056723-0","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/city"}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"6","timeline_item":"Rom nach Einf\u00fchrung der Denarpr\u00e4gung","description":"Mit dem Denar, der bis weit in die r\u00f6mische Kaiserzeit hinein f\u00fcr fast 500 Jahre Hauptnominal bleiben sollte, schufen die R\u00f6mer eine eigenst\u00e4ndige Silberm\u00fcnze. Der Zeitpunkt seiner erstmaligen Auspr\u00e4gung ist in der numismatischen Forschung viel diskutiert und auch heute noch immer nicht g\u00e4nzlich gesichert. Besonders die Ausgrabungen im antiken Morgantina auf Sizilien engen die Einf\u00fchrung des Denars in die Jahre zwischen 215 und 211 v. Chr. inmitten des Krieges gegen Hannibal ein. Die M\u00fcnzbilder der r\u00f6mischen Republik sind wichtige ikonographische Zeugnisse der f\u00fchrenden Familien Roms in jener Zeit. Beschr\u00e4nkt sich zu Beginn des 2. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. das Bildspektrum auf wenige Typen, so gewinnt es im Laufe des 1. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. immer mehr an Bedeutung als Medium des sp\u00e4trepublikanischen Legitimationsdiskurses. In den Auseinandersetzungen zwischen den Caesaranh\u00e4ngern und -gegnern und schlie\u00dflich zwischen M. Antonius und Octavianus erwiesen sich die M\u00fcnzen als wirkungsvolles Propagandamittel.","year_from":"-212","year_until":"-27","autor":"Weisser, Bernhard"}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">PDM 1.0<\/a>.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}